container travis

.travis.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,18 @@
-language: haskell
-ghc:
-  - 7.8
-  - 7.6
+language: c
+
+sudo: false
+
+matrix:
+  include:
+    - env: CABALVER=1.18 GHCVER=7.6.3
+      addons: {apt: {packages: [cabal-install-1.18,ghc-7.6.3], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
+    - env: CABALVER=1.18 GHCVER=7.8.4
+      addons: {apt: {packages: [cabal-install-1.18,ghc-7.8.4], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
+    - env: CABALVER=1.22 GHCVER=7.10.2
+      addons: {apt: {packages: [cabal-install-1.22,ghc-7.10.2], sources: [hvr-ghc]}}
+
+before_install:
+ - export PATH=/opt/ghc/$GHCVER/bin:/opt/cabal/$CABALVER/bin:$PATH
+
+install: cabal update && cabal install --only-dependencies --enable-tests
+script: cabal configure --enable-tests && cabal build && cabal test

memcached-binary.cabal

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 name:                memcached-binary
-version:             0.1.0.1
+version:             0.2.0
 synopsis:            memcached client using binary protocol.
 description:         memcached client using binary protocol.
 license:             MIT
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ author:              HirotomoMoriwaki<philopon.dependence@gmail.com>
 maintainer:          HirotomoMoriwaki<philopon.dependence@gmail.com>
 Homepage:            https://github.com/philopon/memcached-binary
 Bug-reports:         https://github.com/philopon/memcached-binary/issues
-copyright:           (c) 2014 Hirotomo Moriwaki
+copyright:           (c) 2014-2015 Hirotomo Moriwaki
 category:            Database
 build-type:          Simple
 cabal-version:       >=1.10
@@ -25,14 +25,14 @@ library
                        Database.Memcached.Binary.Types.Exception
   other-modules:       Database.Memcached.Binary.Internal
                        Database.Memcached.Binary.Internal.Definition
-  build-depends:       base                 >=4.6  && <4.8
+  build-depends:       base                 >=4.6  && <4.9
                      , bytestring           >=0.10 && <0.11
-                     , network              >=2.6  && <2.7
+                     , network              >=2.5  && <2.7
                      , storable-endian      >=0.2  && <0.3
                      , data-default-class   >=0.0  && <0.1
                      , resource-pool        >=0.2  && <0.3
                      , unordered-containers >=0.2  && <0.3
-                     , time                 >=1.4  && <1.5
+                     , time                 >=1.4  && <1.6
   ghc-options:         -Wall -O2
   hs-source-dirs:      src
   default-language:    Haskell2010
@@ -42,13 +42,12 @@ test-suite test
   hs-source-dirs:      test
   main-is:             test.hs
   ghc-options:         -Wall -O2
-  build-depends:       base                 >=4.6  && <4.8
+  build-depends:       base
+                     , hspec                >=2.1  && <2.3
                      , memcached-binary
-                     , test-framework       >=0.8  && <0.9
-                     , test-framework-hunit >=0.3  && <0.4
                      , process              >=1.2  && <1.3
-                     , network              >=2.6  && <2.7
-                     , HUnit                >=1.2  && <1.3
-                     , data-default-class   >=0.0  && <0.1
-                     , bytestring           >=0.10 && <0.11
+                     , network              >=2.5  && <2.7
+                     , HUnit                >=1.2  && <1.4
+                     , data-default-class
+                     , bytestring
   default-language:    Haskell2010

src/Database/Memcached/Binary/Common.hs

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ flushAll = I.useConnection $ I.flushAll successNoReturn failureNoReturn
 
 version :: I.Connection -> IO (HasReturn Version)
 version = I.useConnection $ I.version (\s -> case readVersion s of
-    Nothing -> failureHasReturn (-1) "version parse failed"
+    Nothing -> failureHasReturn VersionParseFailed
     Just v  -> successHasReturn v) failureHasReturn
   where
     readVersion s0 = do

src/Database/Memcached/Binary/Either.hs

@@ -18,12 +18,11 @@ successNoReturn  = return Nothing
 {-# INLINE successNoReturn #-}
 
 failureHasReturn :: I.Failure (HasReturn a)
-failureHasReturn i m = return . Left $ MemcachedException i m
+failureHasReturn = return . Left
 {-# INLINE failureHasReturn #-}
 
 failureNoReturn :: I.Failure NoReturn
-failureNoReturn i m = return . Just $ MemcachedException i m
+failureNoReturn = return . Just
 {-# INLINE failureNoReturn #-}
-
 #include "Common.hs"
 

src/Database/Memcached/Binary/IO.hs

@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@ successNoReturn  = return ()
 {-# INLINE successNoReturn #-}
 
 failureHasReturn :: I.Failure (HasReturn a)
-failureHasReturn i m = throwIO $ MemcachedException i m
+failureHasReturn = throwIO
 {-# INLINE failureHasReturn #-}
 
 failureNoReturn :: I.Failure NoReturn
-failureNoReturn i m = throwIO $ MemcachedException i m
+failureNoReturn = throwIO
 {-# INLINE failureNoReturn #-}
 
 #include "Common.hs"

src/Database/Memcached/Binary/Internal.hs

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ import System.IO
 
 import Control.Monad
 import Control.Exception
-import Control.Concurrent.MVar
 
 import Data.Word
 import Data.Pool
@@ -30,20 +29,15 @@ import Database.Memcached.Binary.Types
 import Database.Memcached.Binary.Types.Exception
 import Database.Memcached.Binary.Internal.Definition
 
-data Connection
-    = Connection (MVar Handle)
-    | ConnectionPool (Pool Handle)
+newtype Connection = Connection (Pool Handle)
 
 withConnection :: ConnectInfo -> (Connection -> IO a) -> IO a
 withConnection i m = withSocketsDo $ bracket (connect i) close m
 
 connect :: ConnectInfo -> IO Connection
-connect i =
-    if numConnection i == 1
-    then fmap Connection $ connect' i >>= newMVar
-    else fmap ConnectionPool $ 
-        createPool (connect' i) (\h -> quit h >> hClose h) 1 
-        (connectionIdleTime i) (numConnection i)
+connect i = fmap Connection $ 
+    createPool (connect' i) (\h -> quit h >> hClose h) 1 
+    (connectionIdleTime i) (numConnection i)
 
 connect' :: ConnectInfo -> IO Handle
 connect' i = loop (connectAuth i)
@@ -53,23 +47,18 @@ connect' i = loop (connectAuth i)
 
     loop [a] = do
         h <- connectTo (connectHost i) (connectPort i)
-        auth a (\_ -> return h) (\w m -> throwIO $ MemcachedException w m) h
+        auth a (\_ -> return h) throwIO h
 
     loop (a:as) = do
         h <- connectTo (connectHost i) (connectPort i)
         handle (\(_::IOError) -> loop as) $
-            auth a (\_ -> return h) (\_ _ -> loop as) h
+            auth a (\_ -> return h) (\_ -> loop as) h
 
 close :: Connection -> IO ()
-close (Connection mv) = do
-    h <- swapMVar mv (error "connection already closed")
-    quit h
-    hClose h
-close (ConnectionPool p) = destroyAllResources p
+close (Connection p) = destroyAllResources p
 
 useConnection :: (Handle -> IO a) -> Connection -> IO a
-useConnection f (Connection    mv) = withMVar mv f
-useConnection f (ConnectionPool p) = withResource p f
+useConnection f (Connection p) = withResource p f
 
 pokeWord8 :: Ptr a -> Word8 -> IO ()
 pokeWord8 = poke . castPtr
@@ -138,16 +127,20 @@ sendRequest op key elen epoke vlen vpoke opaque cas h =
         hFlush h
 {-# INLINE sendRequest #-}
 
-type Failure a = Word16 -> S.ByteString -> IO a
+type Failure a = MemcachedException -> IO a
 
 peekResponse :: (Ptr Header -> IO a) -> Failure a -> Handle -> IO a
-peekResponse success failure h = bracket (mallocBytes 24) free $ \p ->
-    hGetBuf h p 24 >> peekWord16be (plusPtr p 6) >>= \st ->
-    if st == 0
-        then success p
+peekResponse success failure h = allocaBytes 24 $ \p -> do
+    len <- hGetBuf h p 24
+    if len /= 24
+        then failure DataReadFailed
         else do
-            bl <- peekWord32be (plusPtr p 8)
-            failure st =<< S.hGet h (fromIntegral bl)
+            peekWord16be (plusPtr p 6) >>= \st ->
+                if st == 0
+                    then success p
+                    else do
+                        bl <- peekWord32be (plusPtr p 8)
+                        failure . MemcachedException st =<< S.hGet h (fromIntegral bl)
 {-# INLINE peekResponse #-}
 
 withRequest :: OpCode -> Key -> Word8 -> (Ptr Request -> IO ())
@@ -186,27 +179,30 @@ inspectResponse h p = do
     v <- L.hGet h $ fromIntegral tl - fromIntegral el - fromIntegral kl
     return (e,k,v)
 
-getSuccessCallback :: (Flags -> Value -> IO a)
+getSuccessCallback :: (Flags -> Value -> IO a) -> Failure a
                    -> Handle -> Ptr Header -> IO a
-getSuccessCallback success h p = do
+getSuccessCallback success failure h p = do
     elen <- getExtraLength p
     tlen <- getTotalLength p
-    void $ hGetBuf h p 4
-    flags <- peekWord32be p
-    value <- L.hGet h (fromIntegral tlen - fromIntegral elen)
-    success flags value
+    len  <- hGetBuf h p 4
+    if len /= 4
+        then failure DataReadFailed
+        else do
+            flags <- peekWord32be p
+            value <- L.hGet h (fromIntegral tlen - fromIntegral elen)
+            success flags value
 
 get :: (Flags -> Value -> IO a) -> Failure a
     -> Key -> Handle -> IO a
 get success failure key = 
     withRequest opGet key 0 nop 0 nop (CAS 0)
-    (getSuccessCallback success) failure
+    (getSuccessCallback success failure) failure
 
 getWithCAS :: (CAS -> Flags -> Value -> IO a) -> Failure a
            -> Key -> Handle -> IO a
 getWithCAS success failure key =
     withRequest opGet key 0 nop 0 nop (CAS 0)
-    (\h p -> getCAS p >>= \c -> getSuccessCallback (success c) h p) failure
+    (\h p -> getCAS p >>= \c -> getSuccessCallback (success c) failure h p) failure
 
 setAddReplace :: IO a -> Failure a -> OpCode -> CAS
               -> Key -> Value -> Flags -> Expiry -> Handle -> IO a
@@ -235,13 +231,15 @@ incrDecr success failure op cas key delta initial expiry =
         pokeWord32be (plusPtr p 16) expiry
 
     success' h p = do
-        void $ hGetBuf h p 8
-        peekWord64be p >>= success
+        len <- hGetBuf h p 8
+        if len /= 8
+            then failure DataReadFailed
+            else peekWord64be p >>= success
 
 quit :: Handle -> IO ()
 quit h = do
     sendRequest  opQuit "" 0 nop 0 nop 0 (CAS 0) h
-    peekResponse (\_ -> return ()) (\_ _ -> return ()) h
+    peekResponse (\_ -> return ()) (\_ -> return ()) h
 
 flushAll :: IO a -> Failure a -> Handle -> IO a
 flushAll success =
@@ -272,7 +270,7 @@ stats h = loop H.empty
   where
     loop m = do
         sendRequest opStat "" 0 nop 0 nop 0 (CAS 0) h
-        peekResponse (success m) (\w s -> throwIO $ MemcachedException w s) h
+        peekResponse (success m) throwIO h
 
     success m p = getTotalLength p >>= \tl ->
         if tl == 0
@@ -291,7 +289,7 @@ touch :: (Flags -> Value -> IO a) -> Failure a -> OpCode
       -> Key -> Expiry -> Handle -> IO a
 touch success failure op key e =
     withRequest op key 4 (flip pokeWord32be e) 0 nop (CAS 0)
-    (getSuccessCallback success) failure
+    (getSuccessCallback success failure) failure
 
 saslListMechs :: (S.ByteString -> IO a) -> Failure a
               -> Handle -> IO a

src/Database/Memcached/Binary/Maybe.hs

@@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ successNoReturn  = return True
 {-# INLINE successNoReturn #-}
 
 failureHasReturn :: I.Failure (HasReturn a)
-failureHasReturn _ _ = return Nothing
+failureHasReturn _ = return Nothing
 {-# INLINE failureHasReturn #-}
 
 failureNoReturn :: I.Failure NoReturn
-failureNoReturn _ _ = return False
+failureNoReturn _ = return False
 {-# INLINE failureNoReturn #-}
 
 #include "Common.hs"

src/Database/Memcached/Binary/Types/Exception.hs

@@ -8,14 +8,17 @@ import Data.Word
 import Data.Typeable
 import qualified Data.ByteString as S
 
-data MemcachedException = MemcachedException
-    {-# UNPACK #-} !Word16 {-# UNPACK #-} !S.ByteString
+data MemcachedException
+    = MemcachedException {-# UNPACK #-} !Word16 {-# UNPACK #-} !S.ByteString
+    | DataReadFailed
+    | VersionParseFailed
     deriving (Show, Typeable)
 
 instance Exception MemcachedException
 
 #define defExceptionP(n,w) n :: MemcachedException -> Bool;\
-n (MemcachedException i _) = i == w
+n (MemcachedException i _) = i == w;\
+n _ = False
 
 defExceptionP(isKeyNotFound                   , 0x01)
 defExceptionP(isKeyExists                     , 0x02)

test/test.hs

@@ -25,9 +25,8 @@ import Database.Memcached.Binary.IO (Connection, withConnection)
 import qualified Database.Memcached.Binary.IO    as McIO
 import qualified Database.Memcached.Binary.Maybe as McMaybe
 
+import Test.Hspec
 import Test.HUnit hiding (Test)
-import Test.Framework
-import Test.Framework.Providers.HUnit
 
 startMemcached :: IO ProcessHandle
 startMemcached = do
@@ -45,9 +44,6 @@ precond c = do
     void $ McIO.set 0 0 "foo" "foovalue"   c
     void $ McIO.set 1 0 "bar" "1234567890" c
 
-testMc :: TestName -> (Connection -> IO ()) -> Test
-testMc title m = testCase title $ withConnection def (\c -> precond c >> m c)
-
 newtype ByPassException = ByPassException String deriving (Typeable)
 instance Show ByPassException where
     show (ByPassException s) = s
@@ -59,7 +55,9 @@ assertException ex msg m =
     (m >> throwIO (ByPassException "exception not occured.")) `catch`
     (\e -> case fromException e :: Maybe MemcachedException of
         Nothing -> assertFn e
-        Just e'@(MemcachedException i _) -> unless (i == ex) (assertFn e'))
+        Just e'@(MemcachedException i _) -> unless (i == ex) (assertFn e')
+        Just e' -> assertFn e'
+        )
   where
     assertFn e = assertFailure $ unlines
         [ "not expected exception occured:"
@@ -67,204 +65,219 @@ assertException ex msg m =
         , "occured:  " ++ show e
         ]
 
-testGet :: Test
-testGet = testGroup "get"
-    [ testGroup "IO module"
-        [ testGroup "get"
-            [ doTest "foo" (0, "foovalue")   McIO.get
-            , doTest "bar" (1, "1234567890") McIO.get
-            , doTestException "notexist"     McIO.get
-            ]
-        , testGroup "get_"
-            [ doTest "foo" "foovalue"    McIO.get_
-            , doTest "bar" "1234567890"  McIO.get_
-            , doTestException "notexist" McIO.get_
-            ]
-        ]
-    , testGroup "Maybe module"
-        [ testGroup "get"
-            [ doTest "foo"      (Just (0, "foovalue"))   McMaybe.get
-            , doTest "bar"      (Just (1, "1234567890")) McMaybe.get
-            , doTest "notexist" Nothing                  McMaybe.get
-            ]
-         , testGroup "get_"
-            [ doTest "foo"      (Just "foovalue")   McMaybe.get_
-            , doTest "bar"      (Just "1234567890") McMaybe.get_
-            , doTest "notexist" Nothing             McMaybe.get_
-            ]
-        ]
-    ]
+withConn :: (Connection -> IO a) -> IO a
+withConn m = withConnection def $ \c -> precond c >> m c
+
+main :: IO ()
+main = bracket startMemcached terminateProcess $ \_ -> hspec $ do
+    v <- runIO $ withConn McIO.version
+    testGet
+    testSetAddReplace
+    testDelete
+    testIncrDecr v
+    testFlush
+    testVersion
+    testNoOp
+    testAppendPrepend
+    testTouchGAT v
+    testModify
+
+testGet :: Spec
+testGet = context "get" $ do
+    context "IO module" $ do
+        describe "get" $ do
+            doTest "foo" (0, "foovalue")   "get" McIO.get
+            doTest "bar" (1, "1234567890") "get" McIO.get
+            doTestException                "get" McIO.get
+        describe "get_" $ do
+            doTest "foo" "foovalue"   "get_" McIO.get_
+            doTest "bar" "1234567890" "get_" McIO.get_
+            doTestException           "get_" McIO.get_
+    context "Maybe module" $ do
+        describe "get" $ do
+            doTest "foo" (Just (0, "foovalue"))   "get" McMaybe.get
+            doTest "bar" (Just (1, "1234567890")) "get" McMaybe.get
+            doTest "notexist" Nothing             "get" McMaybe.get
+        describe "get_" $ do
+            doTest "foo" (Just "foovalue")   "get_" McMaybe.get_
+            doTest "bar" (Just "1234567890") "get_" McMaybe.get_
+            doTest "notexist" Nothing        "get_" McMaybe.get_
   where
-    doTest key ex fn = testMc (S.unpack key) $ \c -> do
+    doTest key ex meth fn = it ("return " ++ show ex ++ " when " ++ meth ++ ' ': show key) $ withConn $ \c -> do
         v <- fn key c
         v @?= ex
-    doTestException key fn = testMc (S.unpack key) $ \c ->
-        assertException 1 "Not found" $ fn key c
+    doTestException meth fn = it ("throw exception(1) when " ++ meth ++ " notexist") $ withConn $ \c ->
+        assertException 1 "Not found" $ fn "notexist" c
 
-testSetAddReplace :: Test
-testSetAddReplace = testGroup "set/add/replace"
-    [ testGroup "set"
-        [ testMc "set foo to foomod" $ \c -> do
+testSetAddReplace :: Spec
+testSetAddReplace = context "set/add/replace" $ do
+    describe "set" $ do
+        it "set foo = (100, foomod)" $ withConn $ \c -> do
             McIO.set 100 0 "foo" "foomod" c
             v <- McIO.get "foo" c
             v @?= (100, "foomod")
-        , testMc "set notexist to exist" $ \c -> do
+        it "set notexist = exist" $ withConn $ \c -> do
             McIO.set 100 0 "notexist" "exist" c
             v <- McIO.get "notexist" c
             v @?= (100, "exist")
-        ]
-    , testGroup "add"
-        [ testMc "add foo to foomod" $ \c ->
+
+    describe "add" $ do
+        it "throw exception(2) when add exist key" $ withConn $ \c -> do
             assertException 2 "Data exists for key." $
                 McIO.add 100 0 "foo" "foomod" c
-        , testMc "add notexist to exist" $ \c -> do
+        it "add notexist = exist" $ withConn $ \c -> do
             McIO.add 100 0 "notexist" "exist" c
             v <- McIO.get "notexist" c
             v @?= (100, "exist")
-        ]
-    , testGroup "replace"
-        [ testMc "set foo to foomod" $ \c -> do
+
+    describe "replace" $ do
+        it "replace foo = foomod" $ withConn $ \c -> do
             McIO.replace 100 0 "foo" "foomod" c
             v <- McIO.get "foo" c
             v @?= (100, "foomod")
-        , testMc "set notexist to exist" $ \c ->
+        it "throw exception(1) when replace not exist key" $ withConn $ \c -> do
             assertException 1 "Not found" $
                 McIO.replace 100 0 "notexist" "exist" c
-        ]
-    ]
 
-testDelete :: Test
-testDelete = testGroup "delete"
-    [ testGroup "IO module"
-        [ testMc "foo" $ \c -> do
+
+testDelete :: Spec
+testDelete = context "delete" $ do
+    context "IO module" $ do
+        it "delete foo" $ withConn $ \c -> do
             McIO.delete "foo" c
             r <- McMaybe.get "foo" c
             r @?= Nothing
-        , testMc "notexist" $ \c ->
-            assertException 1 "Not found" $ McIO.delete "notexist" c
-        ]
-    , testGroup "Maybe module"
-        [ testMc "foo" $ \c -> do
+        it "throw exception(1) when delete notexist" $ withConn $
+            assertException 1 "Not found" . McIO.delete "notexist"
+
+    context "Maybe module" $ do
+        it "delete foo" $ withConn $ \c -> do
             b <- McMaybe.delete "foo" c
             r <- McMaybe.get "foo" c
             b @?= True
             r @?= Nothing
-        , testMc "notexist" $ \c -> do
+        it "delete notexist" $ withConn $ \c -> do
             b <- McMaybe.delete "notexist" c
             r <- McMaybe.get    "notexist" c
             b @?= False
             r @?= Nothing
-        ]
-    ]
 
 -- https://code.google.com/p/memcached/wiki/ReleaseNotes1417
-testIncrDecr :: Version -> Test
-testIncrDecr v = testGroup "increment/decrement"
-    [ testGroup "IO module"
-        [ testGroup "increment"
-            [ testMc "foo" $ \c ->
+testIncrDecr :: Version -> Spec
+testIncrDecr v = context "increment/decrement" $ do
+    context "IO module" $ do
+        describe "increment" $ do
+            it "throw exception(6) when increment non numeric value" $ withConn $ \c ->
                 assertException 6 "Non-numeric server-side value for incr or decr" $
                     McIO.increment 0 "foo" 10 10 c
-            , testMc "bar" $ \c -> do
+
+            it "increment bar" $ withConn $ \c -> do
                 a <- McIO.increment 0 "bar" 10 10 c
                 b <- McIO.get_ "bar" c
                 a @?= 1234567900
                 b @?= "1234567900"
-            , testMc "notexist" $ \c -> do
+
+            it "set initial value notexist" $ withConn $ \c -> do
+                when (v < ev) $ pendingWith msg
                 a <- McIO.increment 0 "notexist" 10 10 c
                 b <- McIO.get_ "notexist" c
                 a @?= 10
-                when (v >= ev) $ b @?= "10"
-            ]
-        , testGroup "decrement"
-            [ testMc "foo" $ \c ->
+                b @?= "10"
+
+        describe "decrement" $ do
+            it "throw exception(6) when increment non numeric value" $ withConn $ \c ->
                 assertException 6 "Non-numeric server-side value for incr or decr" $
                     McIO.decrement 0 "foo" 10 10 c
-            , testMc "bar" $ \c -> do
+
+            it "decrement bar" $ withConn $ \c -> do
                 a <- McIO.decrement 0 "bar" 10 10 c
                 b <- McIO.get_ "bar" c
                 a @?= 1234567880
                 b @?= "1234567880"
-            , testMc "notexist" $ \c -> do
+
+            it "set initial value notexist" $ withConn $ \c -> do
+                when (v < ev) $ pendingWith msg
                 a <- McIO.decrement 0 "notexist" 10 10 c
                 b <- McIO.get_ "notexist" c
                 a @?= 10
-                when (v >= ev) $ b @?= "10"
-            ]
-        ]
-    , testGroup "Maybe module"
-        [ testGroup "increment"
-            [ testMc "foo" $ \c -> do
+                b @?= "10"
+
+    context "Maybe module" $ do
+        describe "increment" $ do
+            it "return Nothing when increment non numeric value" $ withConn $ \c -> do
                 r <- McMaybe.increment 0 "foo" 10 10 c
                 b <- McIO.get_ "foo" c
                 r @?= Nothing
                 b @?= "foovalue"
-            , testMc "bar" $ \c -> do
+            it "increment bar" $ withConn $ \c -> do
                 a <- McMaybe.increment 0 "bar" 10 10 c
                 b <- McIO.get_ "bar" c
                 a @?= Just 1234567900
                 b @?= "1234567900"
-            , testMc "notexist" $ \c -> do
+            it "set initial value notexist" $ withConn $ \c -> do
+                when (v < ev) $ pendingWith msg
                 a <- McMaybe.increment 0 "notexist" 10 10 c
                 b <- McIO.get_ "notexist" c
                 a @?= Just 10
-                when (v >= ev) $ b @?= "10"
-            ]
-        , testGroup "decrement'"
-            [ testMc "foo" $ \c -> do
+                b @?= "10"
+
+        describe "decrement" $ do
+            it "return Nothing when decrement non numeric value" $ withConn $ \c -> do
                 r <- McMaybe.decrement 0 "foo" 10 10 c
                 b <- McIO.get_ "foo" c
                 r @?= Nothing
                 b @?= "foovalue"
-            , testMc "bar" $ \c -> do
+            it "decrement bar" $ withConn $ \c -> do
                 a <- McMaybe.decrement 0 "bar" 10 10 c
                 b <- McIO.get_ "bar" c
                 a @?= Just 1234567880
                 b @?= "1234567880"
-            , testMc "notexist" $ \c -> do
+            it "set initial value notexist" $ withConn $ \c -> do
+                when (v < ev) $ pendingWith msg
                 a <- McMaybe.decrement 0 "notexist" 10 10 c
                 b <- McIO.get_ "notexist" c
                 a @?= Just 10
-                when (v >= ev) $ b @?= "10"
-            ]
-        ]
-    ]
+                b @?= "10"
+ 
   where
-    ev = Version [1,4,17] []
+    ev  = Version [1,4,17] []
+    msg = "memcached(< 1.4.17) bug. see: https://code.google.com/p/memcached/wiki/ReleaseNotes1417"
 
-testFlush :: Test
-testFlush = testGroup "flush"
-    [ testGroup "IO module"
-        [ testMc "flushAll" $ \c -> do
-            McIO.flushAll c
-            a <- McMaybe.get "foo" c
-            a @?= Nothing
-        ]
-    , testGroup "Maybe module"
-        [ testMc "flushAll" $ \c -> do
-            r <- McMaybe.flushAll c
-            a <- McMaybe.get "foo" c
-            r @?= True
-            a @?= Nothing
-        ]
-    ]
+testFlush :: Spec
+testFlush = context "flush" $ do
+    context "IO module" $ do
+        describe "flushAll" $ do
+            it "flush all data" $ withConn $ \c -> do
+                McIO.flushAll c
+                a <- McMaybe.get "foo" c
+                a @?= Nothing
 
-testVersion :: Test
-testVersion = testGroup "version"
-    [ testGroup "versionString"
-        [ testMc "IO module" $ \c -> do
-            v <- McIO.versionString c
-            assertBool (show v ++ " is not version like.") $ isVersionLike v
-        , testMc "Maybe module" $ \c -> do
-            Just v <- McMaybe.versionString c
-            assertBool (show v ++ " is not version like.") $ isVersionLike v
-        ]
-    , testGroup "version"
-        [ testMc "IO module" $ \c -> do
-            v <- McIO.version c
-            assertEqual "version branch length" 3 (length $ versionBranch v)
-        ]
-    ]
+    context "Maybe module" $ do
+        describe "flushAll" $ do
+            it "flush all data and return True" $ withConn $ \c -> do
+                r <- McMaybe.flushAll c
+                a <- McMaybe.get "foo" c
+                r @?= True
+                a @?= Nothing
+
+testVersion :: Spec
+testVersion = context "version" $ do
+    context "IO module" $ do
+        describe "versionString" $
+            it "return version bytestring" $ withConn $ \c -> do
+                v <- McIO.versionString c
+                assertBool (show v ++ " is not version like.") $ isVersionLike v
+
+        describe "version" $
+            it "return Version" $ withConn $ \c -> do
+                v <- McIO.version c
+                assertEqual "version branch length" 3 (length $ versionBranch v)
+
+    context "Maybe module" $ do
+        describe "versionString" $
+            it "returns version bytestring" $ withConn $ \c -> do
+                Just v <- McMaybe.versionString c
+                assertBool (show v ++ " is not version like.") $ isVersionLike v
   where
     isVersionLike s0 = isJust $ do
         (_, s1) <- S.readInt s0
@@ -274,212 +287,198 @@ testVersion = testGroup "version"
         (_, s3) <- S.readInt (S.tail s2)
         unless (S.null s3) Nothing
 
-testNoOp :: Test
-testNoOp = testGroup "noOp"
-    [ testMc "IO module" McIO.noOp
-    , testMc "Maybe module" $ \c -> do
-        b <- McMaybe.noOp c
-        b @?= True
-    ]
+testNoOp :: Spec
+testNoOp = context "noOp" $ do
+    context "IO module" $
+        it "is noop" $ withConn McIO.noOp
+    context "Maybe module" $
+        it "is noop and returns True" $ withConn $ \c -> do
+            b <- McMaybe.noOp c
+            b @?= True
 
-testAppendPrepend :: Test
-testAppendPrepend = testGroup "append/prepend"
-    [ testGroup "IO module"
-        [ testGroup "append"
-            [ testMc "foo" $ \c -> do
+testAppendPrepend :: Spec
+testAppendPrepend = context "append/prepend" $ do
+    context "IO module" $ do
+        describe "append" $ do
+            it "append !! to foo" $ withConn $ \c -> do
                 McIO.append "foo" "!!" c
                 a <- McIO.get_ "foo" c
                 a @?= "foovalue!!"
-            , testMc "bar" $ \c -> do
+            it "append !! to bar" $ withConn $ \c -> do
                 McIO.append "bar" "!!" c
                 a <- McIO.get_ "bar" c
                 a @?= "1234567890!!"
-            , testMc "notexist" $ \c ->
+            it "throws exception(5) when not exist." $ withConn $ \c ->
                 assertException 5 "Not stored." $ McIO.append "notexist" "!!" c
-            ]
-        , testGroup "prepend"
-            [ testMc "foo" $ \c -> do
+        
+        describe "prepend" $ do
+            it "prepend !! to foo" $ withConn $ \c -> do
                 McIO.prepend "foo" "!!" c
                 a <- McIO.get_ "foo" c
                 a @?= "!!foovalue"
-            , testMc "bar" $ \c -> do
+
+            it "prepend !! to bar" $ withConn $ \c -> do
                 McIO.prepend "bar" "!!" c
                 a <- McIO.get_ "bar" c
                 a @?= "!!1234567890"
-            , testMc "notexist" $ \c ->
+
+            it "throws exception(5) when not exist" $ withConn $ \c ->
                 assertException 5 "Not stored." $ McIO.prepend "notexist" "!!" c
-            ]
-        ]
-    , testGroup "maybe module"
-        [ testGroup "append'"
-            [ testMc "foo" $ \c -> do
+
+    context "Maybe module" $ do
+        describe "append" $ do
+            it "append !! to foo and return True" $ withConn $ \c -> do
                 b <- McMaybe.append "foo" "!!" c
                 a <- McIO.get_ "foo" c
                 b @?= True
                 a @?= "foovalue!!"
-            , testMc "bar" $ \c -> do
+
+            it "append !! to bar and return True" $ withConn $ \c -> do
                 b <- McMaybe.append "bar" "!!" c
                 a <- McIO.get_ "bar" c
                 b @?= True
                 a @?= "1234567890!!"
-            , testMc "notexist" $ \c -> do
+
+            it "return False when not exist" $ withConn $ \c -> do
                 b <- McMaybe.append "notexist" "!!" c
                 b @?= False
-            ]
-        , testGroup "prepend'"
-            [ testMc "foo" $ \c -> do
+
+        describe "prepend" $ do
+            it "prepend !! to foo and return True" $ withConn $ \c -> do
                 b <- McMaybe.prepend "foo" "!!" c
                 a <- McIO.get_ "foo" c
                 b @?= True
                 a @?= "!!foovalue"
-            , testMc "bar" $ \c -> do
+
+            it "prepend !! to baar and return True" $ withConn $ \c -> do
                 b <- McMaybe.prepend "bar" "!!" c
                 a <- McIO.get_ "bar" c
                 b @?= True
                 a @?= "!!1234567890"
-            , testMc "notexist" $ \c -> do
+
+            it "return False when not exist" $ withConn $ \c -> do
                 b <- McMaybe.prepend "notexist" "!!" c
                 b @?= False
-            ]
-        ]
-    ]
 
--- https://code.google.com/p/memcached/wiki/ReleaseNotes1414
--- https://code.google.com/p/memcached/issues/detail?id=275
-testTouchGAT :: Version -> Test
-testTouchGAT v = testGroup "touch/GAT"
-    [ testGroup "IO module"
-        [ testGroup "touch"
-            [ testMc "foo" $ \c -> do
+testTouchGAT :: Version -> Spec
+testTouchGAT v = context "touch/GAT" $ do
+    context "IO module" $ do
+        describe "touch" $ do
+            it "touch 1s and expire it." $ withConn $ \c -> do
+                when (v < ev) $ pendingWith msg
                 a <- McMaybe.get_ "foo" c
                 McIO.touch 1 "foo" c
                 a @?= (Just "foovalue")
-                when (v >= ev) $ do
-                    threadDelay 1100000
-                    b <- McMaybe.get_ "foo" c
-                    b @?= Nothing
-            , testMc "notexist" $ \c ->
+                threadDelay 1100000
+                b <- McMaybe.get_ "foo" c
+                b @?= Nothing
+
+            it "throws exception(1) when not exist" $ withConn $ \c ->
                 assertException 1 "Not found" $ McIO.touch 1 "notexist" c
-            ]
-        , testGroup "getAndTouch"
-            [ testMc "foo" $ \c -> do
+
+        describe "getAndTouch" $ do
+            it "touch 1s, return (flag, value), and expire it" $ withConn $ \c -> do
+                when (v < ev) $ pendingWith msg
                 x <- McMaybe.get "foo" c
                 y <- McIO.getAndTouch 1 "foo" c
                 x @?= Just (0, "foovalue")
                 y @?= (0, "foovalue")
-                when (v >= ev) $ do
-                    threadDelay 1100000
-                    z <- McMaybe.get "foo" c
-                    z @?= Nothing
-            , testMc "notexist" $ \c ->
+                threadDelay 1100000
+                z <- McMaybe.get "foo" c
+                z @?= Nothing
+
+            it "throws exception(1) when not exist" $ withConn $ \c ->
                 assertException 1 "Not found" $ McIO.getAndTouch 1 "notexist" c
-            ]
-        , testGroup "getAndTouch_"
-            [ testMc "foo" $ \c -> do
+
+        describe "getAndTouch_" $ do
+            it "touch 1s, return value, and expire it" $ withConn $ \c -> do
+                when (v < ev) $ pendingWith msg
                 x <- McMaybe.get_ "foo" c
                 y <- McIO.getAndTouch_ 1 "foo" c
                 x @?= Just "foovalue"
                 y @?=      "foovalue"
-                when (v >= ev) $ do
-                    threadDelay 1100000
-                    z <- McMaybe.get_ "foo" c
-                    z @?= Nothing
-            , testMc "notexist" $ \c ->
+                threadDelay 1100000
+                z <- McMaybe.get_ "foo" c
+                z @?= Nothing
+
+            it "throws exception(1) when not exist" $ withConn $ \c ->
                 assertException 1 "Not found" $ McIO.getAndTouch_ 1 "notexist" c
-            ]
-        ]
-    , testGroup "Maybe module"
-        [ testGroup "touch"
-            [ testMc "foo" $ \c -> do
+
+    context "Maybe module" $ do
+        describe "touch" $ do
+            it "touch 1s, return True, and expire it." $ withConn $ \c -> do
+                when (v < ev) $ pendingWith msg
                 a <- McMaybe.get_ "foo" c
                 r <- McMaybe.touch 1 "foo" c
                 a @?= (Just "foovalue")
                 r @?= True
-                when (v >= ev) $ do
-                    threadDelay 1100000
-                    b <- McMaybe.get_ "foo" c
-                    b @?= Nothing
-            , testMc "notexist" $ \c -> do
+                threadDelay 1100000
+                b <- McMaybe.get_ "foo" c
+                b @?= Nothing
+
+            it "return False when not exist" $ withConn $ \c -> do
                 r <- McMaybe.touch 1 "notexist" c
                 a <- McMaybe.get "notexist" c
                 r @?= False
                 a @?= Nothing
-            ]
-        , testGroup "getAndTouch'/getMaybeAndTouch"
-            [ testMc "foo" $ \c -> do
+
+        describe "getAndTouch" $ do
+            it "touch 1s, return (flag, value), and expire it" $ withConn $ \c -> do
+                when (v < ev) $ pendingWith msg
                 a <- McMaybe.get "foo" c
                 r <- McMaybe.getAndTouch 1 "foo" c
                 a @?= Just (0, "foovalue")
                 r @?= Just (0, "foovalue")
-                when (v >= ev) $ do
-                    threadDelay 1100000
-                    b <- McMaybe.get_ "foo" c
-                    b @?= Nothing
-            , testMc "notexist" $ \c -> do
+                threadDelay 1100000
+                b <- McMaybe.get_ "foo" c
+                b @?= Nothing
+
+            it "return Nothing when not exist" $ withConn $ \c -> do
                 r <- McMaybe.getAndTouch 1 "notexist" c
                 a <- McMaybe.get "notexist" c
                 r @?= Nothing
                 a @?= Nothing
-            ]
-        , testGroup "getAndTouch'_/getMaybeAndTouch_"
-            [ testMc "foo" $ \c -> do
+
+        describe "getAndTouch_" $ do
+            it "touch 1s, return value, and expire it" $ withConn $ \c -> do
+                when (v < ev) $ pendingWith msg
                 a <- McMaybe.get_ "foo" c
                 r <- McMaybe.getAndTouch_ 1 "foo" c
                 a @?= Just "foovalue"
                 r @?= Just "foovalue"
-                when (v >= ev) $ do
-                    threadDelay 1100000
-                    b <- McMaybe.get_ "foo" c
-                    b @?= Nothing
-            , testMc "notexist" $ \c -> do
+                threadDelay 1100000
+                b <- McMaybe.get_ "foo" c
+                b @?= Nothing
+
+            it "return Nothing when not exist" $ withConn $ \c -> do
                 r <- McMaybe.getAndTouch_ 1 "notexist" c
                 a <- McMaybe.get "notexist" c
                 r @?= Nothing
                 a @?= Nothing
-            ]
-        ]
-    ]
   where
-    ev = Version [1,4,14] []
+    ev  = Version [1,4,14] []
+    msg = "memcached(< 1.4.14) bug. see: https://code.google.com/p/memcached/wiki/ReleaseNotes1414 & https://code.google.com/p/memcached/issues/detail?id=275"
 
-testModify :: Test
-testModify = testGroup "modify"
-    [ testMc "reverse foo" $ \c -> do
-        r <- McIO.modify 0 "foo" (\f v -> (f + 100, L.reverse v, v)) c
-        a <- McMaybe.get "foo" c
-        r @?= "foovalue"
-        a @?= Just (100, "eulavoof")
-    , testMc "notexist" $ \c ->
-        assertException 1 "Not found" $
-            McIO.modify 0 "notexist" (\f v -> (f,v,())) c
-    ]
+testModify :: Spec
+testModify = context "modify" $ do
+    context "IO monad" $ do
+        describe "modify" $ do
+            it "reverse foo value and return original" $ withConn $ \c -> do
+                r <- McIO.modify 0 "foo" (\f v -> (f + 100, L.reverse v, v)) c
+                a <- McMaybe.get "foo" c
+                r @?= "foovalue"
+                a @?= Just (100, "eulavoof")
 
-testModify_ :: Test
-testModify_ = testGroup "modify_"
-    [ testMc "reverse foo" $ \c -> do
-        McIO.modify_ 0 "foo" (\f v -> (f + 100, L.reverse v)) c
-        a <- McMaybe.get "foo" c
-        a @?= Just (100, "eulavoof")
-    , testMc "notexist" $ \c ->
-        assertException 1 "Not found" $
-            McIO.modify_ 0 "notexist" (\f v -> (f,v)) c
-    ]
+            it "throw exception(1) when not exist" $ withConn $ \c -> do
+                assertException 1 "Not found" $
+                    McIO.modify 0 "notexist" (\f v -> (f,v,())) c
 
+        describe "modify_" $ do
+            it "reverse foo value" $ withConn $ \c -> do
+                McIO.modify_ 0 "foo" (\f v -> (f + 100, L.reverse v)) c
+                a <- McMaybe.get "foo" c
+                a @?= Just (100, "eulavoof")
 
-
-main :: IO ()
-main = bracket startMemcached terminateProcess $ \_ -> do
-    v <- McIO.withConnection def McIO.version
-    defaultMain
-        [ testGet
-        , testSetAddReplace
-        , testDelete
-        , testIncrDecr v
-        , testFlush
-        , testVersion
-        , testNoOp
-        , testAppendPrepend
-        , testTouchGAT v
-        , testModify
-        , testModify_
-        ]
+            it "throw exception(1) when not exist" $ withConn $ \c -> do
+                assertException 1 "Not found" $
+                    McIO.modify_ 0 "notexist" (\f v -> (f,v)) c